Onofrio Gigliotta, Orazio Miglino and Domenico Parisi (2007)
Groups of Agents with a Leader
Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation
vol. 10, no. 4 1
<https://www.jasss.org/10/4/1.html>
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Received: 06-Jul-2006 Accepted: 23-Jun-2007 Published: 31-Oct-2007
Table 1: Time (average number of time units) taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in homogeneous groups of 10 and 50 agents (standard deviations in brackets) | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 57 (103) | 5427 (3660) |
50 | 3 (5) | 8244 (3658) |
Table 2: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents with a leader | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 654 (1431) | 1800 (2172) |
50 | 81 (468) | 1984 (2770) |
Table 3: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent by groups of 10 and 50 agents without a leader and with one agent having strong sensory capabilities than the other agents | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 43 (88) | 5459 (3751) |
50 | 3 (5) | 8104 (3434) |
Table 4: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents with a leader whose sensory capabilities are superior to those of followers | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 467 (1093) | 657 (1081) |
50 | 40 (211) | 398 (569) |
Table 5: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents with a leader and with one agent (not the leader) with superior sensory capabilities | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 305 (858) | 1973 (2183) |
50 | 40 (211) | 2350 (3022) |
Table 6: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in homogeneous groups of 10 and 50 agents without a leader and with communication: (a) all-to-all topology; (b) star topology; (c) ring topology | ||
(a) | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 57 (103) | 95 (105) |
50 | 3 (5) | 45 (8) |
(b) | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 57 (103) | 99 (105) |
50 | 3 (5) | 50 (8) |
(c) | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 57 (103) | 107 (104) |
50 | 3 (5) | 91 (25) |
Table 7: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last individual in groups of 10 and 50 agents without a leader and space-dependent communication | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 57 (103) | 720 (1184) |
50 | 3 (5) | 56 (10) |
Table 8: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents with a leader and space-independent all-to-all communication | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 654 (1431) | 679 (1426) |
50 | 81 (468) | 119 (464) |
Table 9: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents with communication, without a leader, and with one individual with better sensory capacities than the other individuals | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 43 (88) | 79 (89) |
50 | 3 (5) | 45 (8) |
Table 10: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents with space-independent all-to-all communication (a) with a leader with superior sensory capabilities, and (b) with a leader and another individual with superior sensory capabilities. | ||
(a) | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 467 (1093) | 489 (1086) |
50 | 40 (210) | 77 (206) |
(b) | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 305 (858) | 331 (854) |
50 | 40 (210) | 77 (206) |
Table 11: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents with a space-dependent communication system and (a) a leader with the same sensory capabilities as the other members of the group; (b) a leader with better sensory capabilities than the other members of the group; (c) a leader and another individual with better sensory capabilities than the other members of the group | ||
(a) | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 654 (1431) | 703 (1424) |
50 | 81 (468) | 129 (468) |
(b) | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 466 (1093) | 513 (1087) |
50 | 40 (211) | 87 (217) |
(c) | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 305 (858) | 364 (860) |
50 | 40 (210) | 86 (217) |
Table 12: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents, with space-dependent communication, no leader, and one individual with superior sensory capabilities | ||
Group size | First | Last |
10 | 43 (88) | 646 (1175) |
50 | 3 (5) | 56 (10) |
MAKE a grid world of 50×50 cells SET group size (10 agents or 50 agents) SET agents' attributes (viewing distance: 5 or 15 cells; presence/absence of leader; communication network: none, all to all, star, ring ) FOR runs = 1 to 100 SET random seed CHOOSE one cell randomly as target cell SET each agent's position randomly FOR ncycles = 1 to 20000 FOR each agent IF target in the agent's visual field or agent has been informed by another agent about target's location THEN move the agent towards the target by the shortest path IF agent has communication links to other agents THEN agent sends a message describing the targets position to other agents ENDIF ELSE IF there is no leader or the agent is the leader THEN move the agent to one of the four diagonally adjacent cells randomly selected ELSE move the agent to a diagonally adjacent cell in a direction midway between a randomly selected diagonally adjacent cell and the cell currently occupied by the leader ENDIF ENDIF ENDFOR ENDFOR ENDFOR
Web site: http://laral.istc.cnr.it/gigliotta/eca/ecaIndex.htm
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